Evaluation of groundwater resources in Wadi Qena, Egypt: a geophysical and hydrogeochemical perspective
Abstract
An integrated hydro-geophysical and hydrochemical investigation was conducted to delineate aquifer geometry, assess groundwater potential, and evaluate water quality in the southern part of Wadi Qena, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Eighteen time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings, ground magnetic profiles, pumping-test data, and six groundwater chemical analyses were jointly interpreted. The integrated datasets reveal five geo-electrical layers and identify two main aquifer systems: a shallow Quaternary aquifer (50–300 m depth; 4.9–86 Ω m) and a deeper Nubian Sandstone aquifer (300–650 m depth; 4.7–17.6 Ω m). Magnetic modeling delineates a variable basement surface (350–850 m) that controls aquifer thickness and the spatial distribution of transmissive zones. Areas of deep basement lows coincide with high-transmissivity wells (655–1170 m 2 /day) and low resistivity, indicating thick, well-connected sandstone bodies. Hydrochemical data (TDS: 1447–1607 mg/L; Na–Cl facies) indicate increasing salinity toward the northwest, consistent with upward leakage along magnetic lineaments and the dissolution of salt-bearing formations. The integrated interpretation demonstrates that combining TDEM, magnetic, and geochemical approaches provides a robust framework for identifying productive aquifers, understanding salinity sources, and optimizing groundwater development in arid terrains.
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How to cite
Khalifa, M., Sharkawy, M. S., Mohamaden, M., Taha, A., Moneim, A. A., Zaki, S., & Masoud, A. M. (2025). Evaluation of groundwater resources in Wadi Qena, Egypt: a geophysical and hydrogeochemical perspective. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29240-7